Services to At-Rick Youth Programme Research Proposal

Administrations to At-Rick Youth Program - Research Proposal Example Members are ages 7 to 17 and alluded to the program for four gatherings - fleeing, truancy, family struggle, or inclusion in an offense.(What) (STAR Program Evaluation , Criminal Justice Policy Council, March 2003, Tony Fabelo, Executive Director). The STAR program is led, remembering the different impacts on youthful personalities, particularly intended for the kids in the age bunch between 7 to 17. The pre-test is regulated when the kid displays any sort of the previously mentioned issues. The post-test is taken up after the consummation of the program. The timeframe between the pre-test and the post-test could differ between 2 months to a half year. (When) The technique received is a meeting strategy, with both open-finished and shut finished inquiries. The way toward addressing will be with the end goal that the interviewee doesn't feel scared, yet is egged on to share data. The thought is to ask explicit zone related inquiries, to find definite direct solutions, rather than confounding and ambiguous ones. Overviews could likewise be led to gauge the viability of the program. The Likert scale is embraced to know the quantitative mapping of information.

Ratio analysis Essay

Proportion examination is an apparatus brought by people used to assess investigation of data in the fiscal reports of a business. The proportion investigation frames a basic piece of the budgetary examination which is a fundamental part in the business arranging. There are 3 distinct methods of surveying organizations execution and these are: dissolvability, benefit and execution. Proportion examination helps supervisors to work out the creation of the organization by calculating the benefit proportions. Likewise, the administration can assess their incomes to check if their profitability. Hence, likelihood proportions are useful to the organization in assessing its presentation dependent on current gaining. By estimating the dissolvability proportion, the organizations can watch out for the connection between's the advantages and the liabilities. In the event that, regardless, the liabilities surpass the advantages, the organization can know its money related position. This is useful on the off chance that they wish to set up an arrangement for advance reimbursement. Proportion investigation is likewise useful in examining the presentation of an organization. Through budgetary examination, organizations can audit their exhibition in the previous years. This is likewise useful in distinguishing their shortcomings and enhancing them. Clean Fine Foods needs to utilize proportion investigation since it is a significant apparatus for the business’s the executives to decide the exhibition of a business and to control the cost estimates when essential. Likewise, proportion investigation encourages them screen and recognize issues that can be featured and settled. Be that as it may, proportion investigation doesn’t consider outside variables, for example, an overall downturn. Estimating the Solvency of Polish Fine Foods Presently, I will utilize 2 apportions to quantify the dissolvability of Polish Fine Foods. To begin with, I will figure the present proportion for Polish Fine Foods. This evaluations whether the business can pay obligations due inside one year from resources that it hopes to transform into money inside that year. It is estimated partitioning current resources by the present liabilities. By seeing monetary record I can see that Polish Fine Food’s current resource esteem is  £28500 and the present risk esteem is  £17000. I should partition  £28500 by  £17000 to discover the present proportion. This would offer me a response of  £1.7. This implies for each  £1 possessed they have  £1.70 current resource. The figure ought to typically not fall beneath 1.5. On the off chance that it arrives at an estimation of 1, at that point there may be concernsâ there about not having the option to meet the obligations of the transient resources. Notwithstanding, we can see that Polish Fine Food’s current proportion discloses to us this is a dissolvable business. This implies it can settle its obligations when they are expected to be paid. In the event that the business isn't dissolvable, at that point it implies that it can’t do this. Being dissolvable would assist the business with maintaining their certainty. Then again, if the present proportion goes higher than 2 may show that an excessive amount of account is tied up in a transient resources, which can result that not all that much cash are being utilized inside the association. Also, I will gauge the basic analysis. This is equivalent to the present proportion; anyway it is a harsher trial of capacity to settle transient obligations. It is increasingly precise as it removes the stock and shows how well a business can meet its present liabilities. To discover the analysis I first need to take away stock from the present resources and afterward isolate the present liabilities by the appropriate response of that. So Polish Fine Food’s measure of stock is  £8500 from the present resources which is  £28500. The appropriate response of the deduction is  £20000. Presently I would need to partition the appropriate response by the present obligation which is  £17000 which would give me the last analysis proportion of  £1.20. This computation expels the questionable variable of stock, which may be not very critical to the business. So also, this information gives us that Polish Fine Foods is a dissolvable business and it can meet its transient obligations. The business could keep on working as it is right now seeming to be effective. With the present proportion of  £1.70 and the basic analysis of  £1.20 Polish Fine Foods is a steady business. It is a solid figure and shows that the business is in a decent position. We can see that  £0.50 was tied up in stock and this isn't a great deal. The two apportions show that the business can pay for its obligations and they can likewise win more pay which implies that the business would gave more benefit as the business is dissolvable. Estimating the Profitability of Polish Fine Foods Benefit proportions show a company’s generally speaking effectiveness and execution. To quantify the benefit of Polish Fine Foods I will utilize 3 proportions. First proportion is gross net revenue. The gross net revenue takes a gander at cost of products sold as a level of deals. This proportion sees how well an organization controls the expense of its record and the assembling of its items. The bigger the gross overall revenue, the better for the organization. To figure theâ gross net revenue I have to partition the gross benefit by the deals and afterward time it by 100 to discover the rate. Along these lines, to locate the gross net revenue for Polish Fine Foods I need to partition  £45900 by  £145400 and this would offer me the response  £0.3156. To discover the rate, I currently need to increase it by 100 and the appropriate response is 32%. The gross net revenue for Polish Fine Foods is utilized to contrast how much worth is included with a thing in the middle of being purchased in as stock or materials and being sold by the business. A low gross net revenue could show that there are high stock expenses or perhaps that retail cost is by and large excessively low. On the off chance that the business has a high gross net revenue, at that point it demonstrates that the business is monetary stable. We can see that Polish Fine Foods doesn’t have a high gross net revenue it is more than a quarter. This implies the business is in a protected position. They could be increasingly fruitful in the event that they are going to attempt to sell all the stock they have first as opposed to getting other, so along these lines the benefit may increment. Next proportion that I’m going to use so as to gauge the benefit of Polish Fine Foods is net overall revenue. The net overall revenue shows the amount of every deal sum appears as net gain after all costs are paid. The net overall revenue estimates benefit after thought of all costs including expenses, intrigue, and deterioration. To ascertain the net overall revenue I have to partition the net benefit by the deals and afterward duplicate by 100. Thusly, to locate the net revenue for Polish Fine Foods I have to partition  £14500 by  £145400 and this would offer me a response of  £0.0997. So in the wake of duplicating the appropriate response by 100, I got 10% which shows the measure of net overall revenue. This proportion is utilized to choose which of a scope of items merit proceeding with. A low net revenue may show that expenses are excessively high. Clean Fine Foods’ net revenue is very low, so they could attempt to improve this by attempting to sell the stocks first and afterward get other as opposed to purchasing loads of them without a moment's delay which would get more cash out. Right now, the business is in a steady position, however they should attempt to diminish their expenses so as to build the benefit they’re making. Ultimately, I would utilize return on capital utilized (ROCE) proportion to quantify Polish Fine Foods’ gainfulness. This is the rate return which makes the business read y to produce the drawn out capital utilized. To ascertain ROC, I have to isolate the net benefit by the capital utilized and afterward increase it by 100. Subsequently, to fine the ROCE for Polish Fine Foods I have to separate their net benefit which is  £14500 by the capital utilized which is  £24500; this will at that point offer a response of 0.591, and afterward increase that by 100. The last response for ROCE is 60%. This proportion has been utilized to show how effectively a business is utilizing its capital. The ROCE gives us since Polish Fine Foods is getting along nicely right now and they are utilizing their cash cautiously. Clean Fine Foods by and large has great proportions that as of now keep them stable. Fundamentally, every one of these proportions show the measure of benefit produced by the organization as a percent of the deals created. The target of edge investigation is to distinguish consistency or positive or negative patterns in a company’s income. Clean Fine Foods is progressing admirably, an d appears as though it is a steady business. Notwithstanding, there is still spot for development, e.g they could attempt to diminish their expenses and increment their benefits. Estimating the Performance of Polish Fine Foods A developing business should be intently and painstakingly figured out how to guarantee the achievement of new venture and growing plans. Setting up execution estimations can be a significant method of keeping track on the advancement of their business. It gives imperative data about what’s happening now and it likewise gives the beginning stage to setting focuses on that will assist proprietor with applying their arrangements for development. Presently I will quantify the exhibition of Polish Fine Foods utilizing 3 proportions. First apportion is stock turnover. This estimates to what extent stock is being held before it is supplanted. To compute stock turnover proportion I have to separate normal stock by cost of deals and the duplicate it by 365 days. To discover Polish Fine Foods’ stock turnover I have to locate the normal stock first. The initial stock is  £5250 and the end stock is  £8500. By including them two and afterward separate it by 2, it would give me the normal stock which is  £6875. At that point I have to partition  £6875 by the expense of deals  £99500 and it would offer me the response of 0.06909547738. At that point in the event that I will increase it by 365 it would offer me the response 25 days which is the normal number of says the stocks are being held before being supplanted. In the event that the stock leaves date and this could happen to Polish Fine Foods as their selling food, stock ought to be held for a shorter timeframe. It

How to Write a Tort Bar Exam Essay Sample

How to Write a Tort Bar Exam Essay SampleWriting a tort bar exam essay sample is not an easy task as it seems, since you will need to learn the most basic knowledge about how the bar exam works. So, if you are interested in learning how to write a tort bar exam essay, then read on.Different states may have a different definition of what the term 'tort' means. In fact, every state has its own legal definition of a tort. So, when it comes to writing a tort bar exam essay sample, it is best to take your state's official definition for a tort and translate it into the type of port you will be writing about.This should not be too difficult to do considering that most of the lawyers can easily answer this question in their test preparation course. The only thing you need to do is to remember that the test taker is basically asking himself or herself if what he or she wrote has some basis in fact. If it does, then you will do very well in this particular type of test. Otherwise, you will st ruggle a lot.It will be better if you have a detailed and necessary background on the area you are going to write about. You will need to know if the topic is an effective one or not. If it is not, then you will not be able to produce an effective essay.So, in order to answer the question, how to write a tort exam essay, the first thing you need to do is to think out of the box. When writing a tort essay, you will be doing a personal opinion about a tort case that you know nothing about. This is the reason why it is crucial that you think out of the box when writing this type of essay.What is also important is that you be able to present the facts in a manner that will convince the judges that what you wrote is relevant and true. You will not be able to achieve this if you were to summarize what is written. Only then will you get any benefit out of your tort bar exam essay.When you are writing a tort essay, you need to remember that the purpose of your essay is to 'wow' the judges, who will have to pass on your test. Your paper needs to be lucid, comprehensive and to the point.Although this sounds like a lot of hard work, writing a tort essay is not impossible. You just need to keep in mind that the purpose of writing is to inform the judges that what you are saying is true and correct. By keeping all this in mind, you will definitely be able to write a good essay.

Frankenstein Study Guide

Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, is a classic horror novel and a prime example of the Gothic genre. Published in 1818, Frankenstein tells the story of an ambitious scientist and the monster he creates. The unnamed creature is a tragic figure who becomes violent and murderous after being rejected by society. Frankenstein remains potent for its commentary on the potential consequences of a singleminded search for enlightenment, as well as the importance of family and belonging.   Fast Facts: Frankenstein Author: Mary ShelleyPublisher: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor JonesYear Published: 1818Genre: Gothic, horror, science fictionType of Work: NovelOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Pursuit of knowledge, importance of family, nature and the sublimeCharacters: Victor Frankenstein, the creature, Elizabeth Lavenza, Henry Clerval, Captain Robert Walton, the De Lacey FamilyNotable Adaptions: Frankenstein (1931 Universal Studios film), Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (1994 film directed by Kenneth Branagh)Fun Fact: Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein because of a horror story competition between herself and the poets Lord Byron and Percy Shelley (her husband). Plot Summary Frankenstein tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a scientist whose main ambition is to uncover the source of life. He succeeds at creating life from death—a creature in the semblance of a man—but is horrified by the result. The creature is hideous and deformed. Frankenstein runs away, and when he returns, the creature has fled. Time passes, and Frankenstein learns that his brother, William, has been killed. He escapes to the wilderness to mourn, and the creature seeks him out to tell his story. The creature explains that after his creation, his appearance caused everyone he encountered to either hurt him or run away from him. Alone and desperate, he settled by the cottage of a family of impoverished peasants. He tried to befriend them, but they fled from his presence, and he killed William out of rage from neglect. He asks Frankenstein to create a female companion for him so that he may not be alone. Frankenstein agrees, but doesnt keep his promise, as he believes the experiment is immoral and disastrous experiment. Thus, the creature vows to ruin Frankenstein’s life and proceeds to kill all whom Frankenstein holds dear. The monster strangles Frankenstein’s wife Elizabeth on their wedding night. Frankenstein then resolves to destroy the creature once and for all. He follows him north, chasing him to the North Pole, where he crosses paths with Captain Walton and reveals his entire story. In the end, Frankenstein dies, and the creature vows to travel as far north as possible to end his own tragic life. Major Characters Victor Frankenstein is the protagonist of the novel. He is an ambitious scientist obsessed with the search for scientific truth. The consequences of his discovery leads to a life of ruin and loss. The creature is the unnamed monster Frankenstein creates. Despite his gentle and compassionate demeanor, he is rejected by society because of his grotesque appearance. He grows cold-hearted and violent as a result. Captain Robert Walton is the narrator who opens and closes the novel. A failed poet turned captain, he is on an expedition to the North Pole. He listens to Frankensteins tale and mirrors the reader as the receptor of the novels warnings. Elizabeth Lavenza is Frankensteins adopted cousin and eventual wife. She is an orphan, yet she finds love and acceptance easily because of her beauty and nobility—a direct contrast to the creatures failed attempts to find a sense of belonging. Henry Clerval is Frankensteins best friend and foil. He loves to study the humanities and is concerned with morality and chivalry. He is ultimately strangled to death by the monster. The De Lacey Family lives in a cottage close to the creature. They are peasants who have fallen on hard times, but the creature idolizes them and their gentle ways. The De Laceys serve as a prime example of familial support in the novel. Major Themes Pursuit of Knowledge. Shelley examines the anxieties surrounding technological and scientific advancement through the character of Victor Frankenstein. Frankensteins discovery and its disastrous consequences suggest that the singleminded pursuit of knowledge is a dangerous path. Importance of Family. The creature is shunned by everyone he encounters. Lacking familial acceptance and belonging, his relatively peaceful nature shifts to malice and hatred. In addition, the ambitious Frankenstein alienates himself from family and friends in order to focus on his work; later, several of his loved ones die at the hands of the creature, a direct result of Frankensteins ambition. By contrast, Shelleys depiction of the De Lacey family shows the reader the benefits of unconditional love. Nature and the Sublime. Shelley evokes images of natural landscapes in order to put human trials into perspective. In the novel, nature stands in opposition to humankinds struggles. Despite scientific breakthroughs, nature remains unknowable and all-powerful. Nature is the ultimate force that kills Frankenstein and the creature, and it is too dangerous a force for Captain Walton to conquer on his expedition. Literary Style Shelley wrote Frankenstein in the horror genre. The novel features Gothic imagery and is heavily informed by Romanticism. There are countless poetic passages on the power and beauty of natural landscapes, and the language often refers to questions of purpose, meaning, and truth. About the Author Born in 1797, Mary Shelley was the daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft. Shelley was 21 when Frankenstein was published. With Frankenstein, Shelley set the precedent for monster novels and created an early example of the science fiction genre that remains influential to this day.

Dawry System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 611 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Childhood Essay Did you like this example? †¢Dowry is a social evil. Dowry system has been prevaling in all communities of India. It is an age old custom that is followed in India. When a boy is getting married to a girl the parents of the boy fix a certain amount of cash and gold to be given by the girls parents. In olden days there was no demand from the boys side. The girls parents used to give some amount to the boys parents as gift. Later it became a habit to demand dowry. The brides parents struggle to arrange for cash. If dowry is not given the bride is harassed by the in-laws and their relatives. The grooms resort to beating and mental torture on the bride. The institution of marriage which is supposed to be very sacred turned out to be a trade of men by the parents. The more educated the boy is the more the dowry is demanded. Apart from cash,gold and other house hold articles are demanded. In some countries in the ancient times the groom only had to bring certain no: horses to give to brides father th en only he was allowed th marry the girl. The kings in India used to give dowry only for the sake of prestage. There was no greed from the grooms side also. Ladies were respected though they were confined to the four walls. Later the attitude changed and people were overcome by greed. Dowry is also one of the reason for gender discrimination. If a girl is born the father almost has a heart attack. The population also increased in our grand fathers times. They used to give birth to so many children waiting for a boy to be born. In some communities the girl child was abandoned or even killed. With the development of science female infenticides began. Some people resort to abort the girl child. Now a days even the educated boys who are settled abraod are harrasing their wifes for more dowry. The bride who goes with dreams of happy life suffer in an unknowm coutry. This is really a shameful situation. The girl who is brave walks out of such situations. In some cases cheating also takes place. The boy gets married in another country with out his parents knowledge. For sake of dowry he come to india and marry again and abandon the girl. The parents should be careful while giving their daughters to NRIs We read many cases of girls commiting suicide and being killed by the inlaws for the sake of dowry. How can people be so unkind to resort to such henoius crime of murdering? Some of the freedom fighters have tried to abolish dowry system but still it is continuing. Previously since the girls were not having the right to property the father used to give a part of his property as dowry. Now the girls are having equal rights on her parents property and are highly educated and are earning equally like men. Women have become financially independent. But the dowry system is not abolished completely though it has become less. Measures should be taken to abolish dowry system 1. Anti dowry laws should be made stringent. 2. The boys should be brain washed at an youn g age itsself against dowry. 3. There should be group discussions about it in colleges 4. The boys should take the initiative by telling their parents not to demand 5. Girls should refuse to marry if dowry is demamded. 6. Intercaste marriages should be encouraged. 7. The girl should be strong enough to walk out if she is haressed. 8. Action should be taken on in-laws who are harassing. Skip to Navigation †¢Skip to Content Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dawry System" essay for you Create order

Applying Staining Techniques to View and Identify...

Abstract The main objective of this lab was to identify different bacteria by simple, negative, and gram staining. To view each bacteria cell, the bacteria was transferred aseptically to a slide, and they were then viewed by using oil immersion, by a light microscope. From this lab, it was determined that E. coli and B. megaterium are gram negative and B. subtilis and S. Marcesans are gram positive. Introduction The purpose of this lab was to view the different characteristics of bacteria by applying various staining techniques. It is important to know the make up if a certain bacteria so an antibiotic may be engineered to destroy the bacteria. From the gram stain, it was possible to determine which bacteria was gram positive†¦show more content†¦Distilled water Three different staining procedures were then used for all four types of bacteria. The directions for each staining process can be found on pages 18-19 of the lab manual. For simple stain, bacteria was removed with a sterile inoculating loop and placed on a glass slide. Methylene blue was then applied until the slide was covered. Distilled water was then poured on the slide until the methylene blue was removed. The slide was allowed to dry. Next, oil was placed on the slide so that the oil objective lens on the light microscope was employed. The bacterium was viewed and a sketch was made. For the negative stain, a loopful of bacteria was placed on a slide. A drop of Nigrosin solution was placed next to the bacteria, and the blood smearing technique learned in the first lab was applied to cover the slide with nigrosin solution. A sketch was then made. Gram staining was more complicated. First, two separate types of bacteria were used. One type was placed on one slide, and the other bacteria were placed on the opposite side. Both bacteria were also placed in the middle of the slide so they could be viewed together. Crystal violet, iodine and safranin were all placed on the slide and washed off with distilled water. Once dried, oil was applied to the slide, and it was ready to be viewed. Again a sketch was made. Results The sketches were drawn on a separate piece of paper and then revised. AShow MoreRelatedIdentify The Identities Of Two Unknown Bacteria A Mixed Broth Culture By Using Several Separation Methods Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: The purpose of this project was to identify the identities of two unknown bacteria in a mixed broth culture by using several separation methods. To separate the organisms, a four-way streak plate technique was used to isolate the two unknown bacteria into separate visible colonies. Then after each colony were clearly isolated; the two unknowns were processed through Gram staining test to determine the Gram stain and morphology. After Gram staining, a carbohydrate test was performed on eachRead MoreLab Report On Microbial Unknowns Essay1793 Words   |  8 PagesUnknowns Objective: In the past couple of weeks, our class received a single broth that contained two species of bacterium. One bacterium was gram positive and one bacterium was gram negative. We were required to use our techniques and knowledge we learned in class to separate and identify the two species we were given in our broths. Methodology: Day One: On the first day of our Biochemical Unknown Lab we were given a tube that contained broth media which held two different types of bacterium. OnceRead MoreCommon Laboratory Operations5997 Words   |  24 Pagesinvented the mechanical calculator, the syringe and created hydraulic press   Rene Descartes(1596-1650) A French philosopher and mathematician. He was the first major philosopher in the modern era to make a serious effort to defeat skepticism. His views about knowledge and certainty and those on the relationship between mind and body have been very influential over the last three centuries. I am thinking there fore I exist (Latin -Cogito ergo sum- from the discourse on method). He revelolutionizedRead MoreCleaning Support Portfolio - Hotel Management12907 Words   |  52 PagesCLEANING SUPPORT TECHNIQUES Team 9.2.3 EHLs Honour Code: As a student at the Ecole Hà ´telià ¨re de Lausanne, I uphold and defend academic integrity, academic rigor and academic liberty as core values of higher learning. I attest, on my word of honor, that work submitted in my name is my own work, and that any ideas or materials used in support of this work which are not originally my own are cited and referenced accordingly BINGGELI Vanessa DANG Yung GOUVEA Priscila KRAMER Toby ORLANDO Giulia SCHNYDER

Scope Statement free essay sample

â€Å"We don’t do anything special – we do the simple things especially good. † Cupcake Heaven â€Å"We don’t do anything special – we do the simple things especially good. † Scope Statement for Cupcake Heaven To open a cafe in an outdoor shopping mall in Destin, FL. The businesses focus will be high-quality cupcakes for an affordable price with an added catering service for special occasions. I will operate a 1700 square foot commercial space within easy walking distance from the Outdoor Shopping Mall. I have secured this location through a two year lease with an option for extending. I have also provided 25% of the required $80,000 start-up funds. The remaining capital will be obtained through a local Bank with a commercial loan. The rented commercial space is furnished and has a kitchen which is fully loaded (commercial dishwasher, oven, refrigerator and dishes, pots, and pants). The monthly rent will be $2,500 and other monthly costs, such as utilities, electricity, and other services are estimated to be around ,000. We will write a custom essay sample on Scope Statement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This number is rather higher than too low.With my start-up funds I will have to turn this space into a comfortable cupcake cafe, I will also have to purchase certain kitchen equipment, such as mixers and special tools for decoration, and I have to stack up on ingredients for the first month. DELIVERABLES * Maintain a high standard of food quality and service * Provide gluten- ­? free, organic, naturally sweetened, reduced- ­? fat, and vegan based cupcakes * Ensure a friendly comfortable atmosphere * Place monthly ads in neighborhood publications * Distribute monthly fliers to neighborhood, businesses and churches * Offer discount coupons Provide prompt and affordable catering with easy online and in store orderingEmployees Competent and reliable employees who are committed and loyal Organization Cupcake Heaven will be operated as a Sole Proprietorship. Overall management will be the responsibility of the owner. As owner, I will be bringing an extensive and varied background to cupcake Heaven. I have been a General Manager for two restaurants and the Dining Room Supervisor for a major private club. 1. I will be hiring 3 Shift Supervisor. Their qualifications should be as followed. The Shift Supervisor must have three years’ experience in a bakery/cafe. At least one year as a server. They must be at least 21 years old.They must possess a friendly and outgoing personality and have good personal hygiene. The Shift Supervisor will be responsible for the oversight of the servers, and bakers on their shift. They will work under the general manager. The shift supervisor also works in the capacity of a server and is responsible for waiting on tables, taking the customers food and drink orders and acting as cashier for their customers. They are responsible for helping to keep the serving area and the customer areas clean and sanitary. At the end of their shift, they will be required to complete all side work as assigned. . I will be hiring three bakers/pastry chefs. Their qualifications should be as followed. The baker/pastry chef must have a minimum of three years’ experience. They must have at a minimum a GED or high school diploma. The baker/pastry chef is responsible for baking and decorating the cupcakes, which will be served in the cafe and delivered for catering. Their responsibility is to see that the kitchen is kept in a clean, sanitary and working order. 3. I will be hiring 5 servers. Their qualifications should be as followed. The servers must have at a minimum a GED, college students are preferred.I would consider hiring Senior High school students, if I would feel comfortable that they are able to be responsible servers. They must possess a friendly and outgoing personality and have good personal hygiene. The server is responsible for waiting on tables, taking the customers food and drink orders and acting as cashier for their customers. At the end of their shift, they will be required to complete all side work as assigned. 4. I will be hiring catering manager. The qualifications should be as followed. She/he must have a minimum of a GED and two years’ experience in the catering business.

Experiment practical Essay Example

Experiment practical Essay The experiment practical I am going to do is all about the determination of the solubility of calcium hydroxide. This can be found by titrating the saturated solution against a solution of an acid whose concentration you know. The acid whose concentration we know is hydrochloric acid.The calcium hydroxide will be in limewater and this will have to be diluted before used. These two solutions will react together and a colour change will occur. Calcium hydroxide dissolves only slightly in water to form an alkali solution.IntroductionA titration is when two solutions react together. It is a technique to find the concentration of unknown solution. It is a method of quantitative analysis. One solution, which has a known concentration, is filled into a burette and the second solution is placed in a conical flask. A solution of known concentration or known morality is called a standard solution. In each titration the solution with the unknown concentration is filled in the burette is added i n small measured quantities to the solution in the conical flask until just enough has been added for the reaction to be complete.The solution in the conical flask will have a fixed volume to start with until the solution in the burette is added to it and a visible colour change has occurred which means the two solutions have reacted together. Often an indicator is added to show when the reaction is finished to show the end point of a titration between an acid and an alkali an indicator can normally be used. The indicator can show when the base has been neutralised completely. Different indicators are suitable for different concentrations of strong and weak acids and alkali such as:* For a titration between a strong acid and a weak alkali = methyl orange is used as an indicator.* For a titration between a weak acid and strong alkali = phenolphthalein is used as an indicator.* For a titration between a strong acid and strong alkali = methyl orange or phenolphthalein is used.* For a t itration between a weak acid and a weak alkali no indicator is suitable = a pH meter, conductivity meter or temperature probe has to be used.An analysis involving a titration is sometimes called a volumetric analysis. Titrations have to be very accurate.A concentration is a measure of the amount of substance in a given volume of solution typically measured in mol dm.Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)In water calcium hydroxide form alkali solution, although they are not very soluble. Hydroxides can react with acids to form salts. A neutralising effect is used by farmers when they put lime- calcium hydroxide- on their field to neutralise soil acidity. This is done as if the soil is too acidic, most crops will not grow well.Hydrochloric acid (HCL)Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. Hydrochloric acid is used to break our food into smaller molecules in our stomach. As it is a strong acid it has a much higher electrical conductivity then a weak acid, as more ions are present. It can react with met als, alkali, metal oxides, and metal carbonate and all of the reactions involve h ions. A 0.1 mol dm solution of strong acid such as hydrochloric acid has a pH value of 1.Method* Get all equipment ready to use, clean out all equipment with distilled water:- burette and burette stand- pipette and pipette filler- mini pipettes- volumetric flask- conical flask- distilled water- hydrochloric acid- limewater- methyl orange indicator* Set up burette stand with burette.* Use a pipette filler and pipette to transfer 25cm of hydrochloric acid solution into a volumetric flask.* Once it has been transferred to the 250cm volumetric flask, add distilled water up to 250cm so that the hydrochloric acid is diluted. Then transfer this diluted solution via the funnel to fill up the burette to 50cm ready to use.* Then use pipette filler and pipette to transfer 25cm of limewater containing calcium hydroxide to a 250 conical flask.* Then using a mini pipette add 3 drops of methyl orange indicator to the conical flask containing the limewater.* Then place the conical flask with a glass tile underneath it to see visible colour change under the burette.* Then slowly add in small quantities or drop by drop from the burette the hydrochloric acid solution from the burette until the indicator shows a change to a permanent pink colour.* This is the end point of the titration.* Record your reading on the burette as a rough one, then repeat 3 times and record results in a table.How to dilute and why to dilute:The hydrochloric acid has to be diluted in order for it to react effectively with calcium hydroxide. This is due to the concentration and volume of hydrochloric acid being too much so has to be diluted to become less. This can be done by diluting it with distilled water in a volumetric flask as 25cm will be filled will HCL and the rest 225cm with distilled water up top the 250cm mark.Number of titrations:First a rough titration will be done. The three more titrations will follow. These will be recorded in a table. The initial titration and average titration value will be calculated.Accuracy:When doing any titration you have to be very accurate in order to achieve the effective results. You must strictly follow out all instructions very carefully and measure all solutions out accurately. As if you make the hydrochloric acid too concentrated this can effect your titration results.Suitability:This is a very suitable and effective way to do and calculate a titration as is done this way all the time. It can show effective colour change.Risk assessment:Safety:Safety is very important when carrying out any practical experiment in the lab. Many general rules need to be followed in order to make sure we carry out our practical safelyGeneral rules:* Wear goggles at all time during the practical.* Wear lab coats to protect clothing.* If needed wear gloves.* Tie long hair back* Handle all glass equipment with care.Solutions:Calcium Hydroxide in lime waterCORROSIVE = causes b urns. Irritating to eyes, skin and respiratory system so do not inhale.AcidIf:What to do:ProtectionCalcium HydroxideswallowedWash out mouth. Seek medical attention.DONT BE SO STUPID!!!,, ,,Solution gets into eyesFlood the eye gently with water for 10 minutes. If needed seek medical attention.Be very careful when handling. Wear gloves.,, ,,If spilt on skin or clothesRemove contaminated clothing. If blistering or reddening occurs seek medical advice.Be very careful when changing. Wear gloves.,, ,,If spilt in laboratoryScoop up as much as you can into a bucket. Add water to contaminated area and add mineral absorbent.Stay well away from area where spilt. Wear eye protection and gloves.With water = the reaction with water is vigorous and generate heat.Hydrochloric AcidMay cause burns. The vapour is very irritating to the respiratory system.If:Protection:swallowedWash out mouth and take a glass of water.If vapour inhaledMove victim to fresh air to rest and seek medical attention if breat hing is at all effected.If liquid gets into eyesFlood eyes with water for 10 minutes. Seek medical attention if needed.If liquid spilt on skin or clothes.Flood water to effective area. Remove contaminated clothing. If blistering occurs seek medical attention.IndicatorNot really as harmful as other solutions but if any of the above happen take the same protection advice as above.Less harmful when put into diluted solution.Indicator going to use is methyl orange.Equipment ListAll the equipment that will be needed to carry out this practical experiment.EquipmentWhat used for/choice?buretteTo dilute calcium hydroxide and fill with. Accurate to used and can let solution drip bit by bit.Burette holder with funnelTo hold burette securely and funnel to pour solution through.Pipette with pipette fillerTo accurately measure out 25cm of solution needed and transfer using pipette holder to volumetric flask.Mini pipette (a few)To transfer solutions (3 drops of indication methyl orange) to where needed. Accurate and easy to use. Use a different pipette for each different solution.Conical flaskTo place under burette containing hydrochloric acid. Clear to easily see change of colour.Volumetric flaskTo dilute limewater in up to the mark.Indicator- methyl orangeTo add to hydrochloric acid. To show end point of titration.Distilled waterTo wash out equipment after every titration and to dilute limewater.Limewater containing calcium hydroxideAlkali solution in burette testing for its solubility and to find its concentration.Hydrochloric AcidTo place in conical flask and titrate against lime water containing calcium hydroxide.ANALYSISING EVIDENCE AND DRAWING CONCLUSION:RESULTS:titrationrough123Final burette reading19.0cm19.6cm20.0cm20.5 cmInitial burette reading0000titre19202021Average titration = 20+20+21=6161 by 3 = 20.3Calculating of diluted acidHydrochloric acid has to be diluted in order for it to react effectively with limewater.25cm = o.3 mol dmIt is diluted to 250 so then the concentration of the diluted hydrochloric acid becomes 0.03 mol dmCalculate the concentration of limewater solution:It takes 25cm of 0.03 of hydrochloric acid to nentralise 35 of calcium hydroxide.Step1Ca (OH) + 2HCL Cacl + 2H OShow how 1 mole of Ca(OH) reacts with 2 moles of hydrochloric acid.Step 2Find out how many moles of hydrochloric acid were used.We use 25cm of 0.03 mol dm of HCL.In 1cm of the solution we would have 0.031000 x 30 moles of HCLMOLES OF HCLNumber of moles in a solution = concentration x volume of solution in cm1000= 0.3 x 25cm1000 = 7.5 for 1 moleIn the balanced equation there is 4 moles of HCL which equals 7.5 x 4 = 30 molesstep 33025 x 30 moles = 0.36The concentration of calcium hydroxide is 0.36 mol dmEVALUATING EVIDENCE AND PROCESS ASSESMENTRELIABILTYOn general terms the experiment is reasonably reliable but in any titration there are errors or uncertainties related to the precision of the equipment used.The precision errors are as follows:- volumetric f laskWhen a 25o volumetric flask is filled correctly the bottom of the menicus rests on the calibration. The error is o.2 cm 0r 0.08%.Burette:One drop from the burette has a volume of approximately 0.05cm. an error in one drop of 50cm = 0.4%PipetteWhen a 25cm pipette is used correctly it is allowed ti drain and retain the last drop. The error is 0.06cm or 0.24%.Calculating the percentage errorPercentage error = error x 100ReadingVolumetric flask= 0.2 x 100250 =0.08Burette= 0.4 x 10050 = 0.8Pipette= o.o6 x 10025 = 0.24Procedural error can arise if your practical technique is not good. A good technique will involve:Method can be improved by:* the solution in the volumetric flask needs thorough mixing* all equipment should be washed out using distilled water* the end point of the titration can only be determined accurately if the solution from the burette is added drip by drop with swirling as the end point is reached.* When an indicator is used in a titration only the minimum number of drops is added each time.There was not really any anomalous result as all the 3 titrations done has very close and similar readingsThe titration was done 3 times to improve the reading of the experiment.Any additional titrations done after 3 times were not really necessary to ensure that the results were accurate.The overall accuracy and reliability of the evidence that the experiment supplied is reasonably accurate as the 2 solution did react together well and a noticeable colour change from a pale orange to a permanent pink was visible.Due to the percentage error in the experiment technique is could have resulted in maybe the readings being slightly lower then they really should have been.CourseworkSolubility of calcium hydroxideBy Sabina fareedReferencechemical ideas bookChemistry for you by lawrie ryanChemical ideas work sheets

Power Structures in Early Rome

Power Structures in Early Rome Hierarchy: The family was the basic unit in ancient Rome. The father, who headed the family, is said to have held the power of life and death over his dependents. This arrangement was repeated in the overarching political structures but was moderated by the voice of the people. It Started With a King at the Top As the clans resting upon a family basis were the constituent elements of the state, so the form of the body-politic was modelled after the family both generally and in detail.~ Mommsen The political structure changed over time. It started with a monarch, the king or rex. The king was not always a Roman but could be Sabine or Etruscan. The 7th and final king, Tarquinius Superbus, was an Etruscan who was removed from office by some of the leading men of the state. Lucius Junius Brutus, an ancestor of the Brutus who helped assassinate Julius Caesar and usher in the age of emperors, led the revolt against the kings. With the king gone (he and his family fled to Etruria), the top power holders became the two annually-elected consuls, and then later, the emperor who, to some extent, reinstated the role of the king.This is a look at the power structures at the beginning of Romes (legendary) history. Familia: The basic unit of Roman life was the familia family, consisting of the father, mother, children, slaves, and clients, under a paterfamilias father of the family who was responsible for making sure the family worshiped its household gods (Lares, Penates, and Vesta) and ancestors. The power of the early paterfamilias was, in theory, absolute: he could even execute or sell his dependents into slavery.Gens: Descendants in the male line either by blood or adoption are members of the same gens. The plural of a gens is gentes. There were several families in each gens. Patron and Clients: Clients, who included in their number manumitted slaves, were under the protection of the patron. Although most clients were free, they were under the paterfamilias-like power of the patron. A modern parallel of the Roman patron is the sponsor who helps with newly arrived immigrants.Plebeians:The early plebeians were the common people. Some plebeians had once been slaves-turned-clients who then became completely free, under state protection. As Rome gained territory in Italy and granted citizenship rights, the number of Roman plebeians increased. Kings: The king was the head of the people, chief priest, a leader in war, and the judge whose sentence couldnt be appealed. He convened the Senate. He was accompanied by 12 lictors who carried a bundle of rods with a symbolic death-wielding ax in the center of the bundle (the fasces). However much power the king had, he could be kicked out. After the expulsion of the last of the Tarquin kings, the 7 kings of Rome were remembered with such hatred that there were never again kings in Rome. Senate: The council of fathers (who were heads of the early great patrician houses) made up the Senate. They had lifetime tenure and served as an advisory council for the kings. Romulus is thought to have named 100 men senators. By the time of Tarquin the Elder, there may have been 200. He is thought to have added another hundred, making the number 300 until the time of Sulla. When there was a period between kings, an interregnum, the Senators took temporary power. When a new king was picked, given imperium by the Assembly, the new king was sanctioned by the Senate. Comitia Curiata: The earliest assembly of free Roman men was called the Comitia Curiata. It was held in the comitium area of the forum. The curiae (the plural of curia) were based on the 3 tribes, Ramnes, Tities, and Luceres. Curiae contained several gens with a common set of festivals and rites, as well as shared ancestry. Each curia had one vote based on the majority of the votes of its members. The assembly met when called by the king. It could accept or reject a new king. It had the power to deal with foreign states and could grant a change in citizenship status. It witnessed religious acts, as well. Comitia Centuriata: Following the end of the regal period, the Assembly of the people could hear appeals in capital cases. They annually elected rulers and had the power of war and peace. This was a different Assembly from the earlier tribal one and was the result of a re-division of the people. It was called the Comitia Centuriata because it was based on the centuries used to supply soldiers to the legions. This new Assembly did not entirely replace the old one, but the comitia curiata had much-reduced functions. It was responsible for confirmation of the magistrates. Early Reforms: The army was made up of 1000 infantry and 100 horsemen from each of the 3 tribes. Tarquinius Priscus doubled this, then Servius Tullius reorganized the tribes into property-based groupings and increased the size of the army. Servius divided the city into 4 tribal districts, the Palatine, Esquiline, Suburan, and Colline. Servius Tullius may have created some of the rural tribes, as well. This is the redistribution of the people that led to the change in the comitia. This is the redistribution of the people that led to the change in the comitia. Power: For the Romans, power (imperium) was almost a tangible. Having it made you superior to others. It was also a relative thing that could be given to someone or removed. There were even symbols the lictors and their faces the powerful man used so those around him could immediately see that he was filled with power. Imperium was originally the lifelong power of the king. After the kings, it became the power of the consuls. There were 2 consuls who shared imperium for a year and then stepped down. Their power was not absolute, but they were like dual annually-elected kings.imperium militiaeDuring war, consuls had the power of life and death and their lictors carried axes in their fasces bundles. Sometimes a dictator was appointed for 6 months, holding absolute power.imperium domiIn peace the authority of the consuls could be challenged by the assembly. Their lictors left the axes out of the fasces within the city. Historicity: Some of the ancient writers of the period of the Roman kings are Livy, Plutarch, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, all of whom lived centuries after the events. When the Gauls sacked Rome in 390 B.C. more than a century after Brutus deposed Tarquinius Superbus the historical records were at least partially destroyed. T.J. Cornell discusses the extent of this destruction, both in his own and in by F. W. Walbank and A. E. Astin. As a result of the destruction, however devastating or not, the information about the earlier period is unreliable.

Placement Experience Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Placement Experience Report - Assignment Example It is a voluntary non-profit making school. The school’s mission statement is â€Å"ensuring that all kids learn in the best ways possible and grow with confidence and dignity†. According to the Ofsted survey’s, of 2008 the school was ranked as an outstanding one with qualified staff. The main aim of the placement is to provide some experience to work in a special school, for a chance to learn some of the best professions in my studies, and learn more about teaching skills and enhance my communication skills (John, McGrath, and Mathur, 2008). The following section discusses the two objectives set out, their strengths and weakness in the course of their realisation. Objective One The first objective aims at engaging the young children in communication while in small working groups. The objective was realized with ease in communication with the children, teaching and other the staff members. The tactic of realizing the objective was via placing the children in smal l groups to effectively enhance one on one conversation among them and enhance my personal interaction with the pupils. This can be supported by Mauro’s work (2012, p. 16-20) that working in small groups enhances communication. The level of interaction among pupils and the staff was evidenced in the playground. This was critical as supported by Gargiulo and Kilgo (2005, p. 283); Plattner (1997): that play is logical and natural activity for incorporating skills of pupils with disabilities. My supervisor gave a positive feedback on this objective after discussing my action plan with her; this proved it was relevant, workable and highly crucial. Communication enhances actions by turning information into ideas (Barker, 2006, p. 7). Thus, the objective enhanced achievements via coming up with new ideas. The interaction enhanced the use of self-attributes to enhance the pupils understanding like humor. This can be supported by Plattner (1997, p. 10) who clearly states that capital izing on humor enhances attracting attention of the audience. Further, English not being a first language, my placement gave me the opportunity to interact and improve my communication skills. Strengths and weaknesses in the course of realizing objective one The objective was not without a strong point of it being achieved. The high level of interaction experienced was crucial in this career of catering for the special pupils. High level of organization in setting out roles and working on is another fact that was confirmed in my placement. Good listening skills were confirmed during the placement: most of the things learnt were through listening. With immense help of the teacher while working with the pupils, my communication was greatly enhanced. This was favored by the constant communication fostered by the constant interactions made with the class. Fast understanding of things helped so much in realizing this objective because it would in serving the pupils needs immediately. The main challenge to this objective is the time factor: the placement time was limited and thus realizing the full intensity of the objective was a great challenge. Achieving this objective and delivering the set concepts in a lesson requires more time than the set one. This is due to the time taken to interact with virtually every pupil. Fear to enquire from the teachers about the pupils conditions was another challenge encountered. This called for time to identify

Supermarket industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Supermarket industry - Essay Example Supermarkets are currently employing a wide variety of various low-tech and high-tech tools in their never ending struggle to try and grab a larger share of the $500 billion that American happen to spend each years on their supermarket purchases (CNBC 2011). The Marketing Strategies and Concepts Used by Supermarkets Supermarkets are constantly trying as much as possible to learn about their customers and their respective buying habits. To do this, they analyze and trail their customers from the moment that they entire the supermarket store using a variety of technological tools such as video monitoring, heat maps that actively track shoppers as they move around the supermarket and the loyalty cards that the supermarkets have given to their customers (Ryals 139). Attractive and appropriate packaging Supermarkets encourage producers to package their products in attractive packaging materials so as to be able to attract shoppers into buying the products. Companies such as Henkel Consume r goods have employed a large team of engineers, artists and technicians whose main role and focus is to ensure that they work on constantly developing the bottle design and packaging. Careful consideration is placed on every label and word that appears on the bottle. Some of the factors that are taken into consideration seek to answer questions such as: do the customers find it easy to handle the packaging? Do they find it easy to physically pick up the product and store it in their shopping carts? Do they find it easy to pour the product from the container? And is it easy for them to store the product in their houses in light of the shelves used in the average homes? (CNBC 2011)? Shopping Presentations In efforts to try and enhance the marketing concepts and strategies that are in use within the supermarkets, supermarkets have taken to employing the services of professional companies that help them create appropriate designs for their stores that will help them in maximizing their sales. The designs take into account everything about the customer’s shopping experience down to the product placement that will be used in the shop so as to ensure that the customer’s senses are well appealed (CNBC 2011). These design companies create â€Å"Stopping presentations† of various products which they stage theatrically. Supermarkets employ the use of cartons that they artfully arrange so as to ensure that they make the actual real product on sale appear to be more abundant than it really is. The most valuable space is usually the space at eye-level and most new products are placed at this level so as to further attract the customers (Graf 46). Common purchase products such as butter, milk and cheese are placed at the farthest corner of the store so as to ensure that customers are tempted to purchase more products on their way to the isle where these products are place. Instead of the more traditional isle design where the isles are arranged in a mea ndering fashion instead of row after row of straight isles, there are now more twists and turns that have been placed so as to ensure that a shopper comes into contact with more tempting goods to purchase (CNBC 2011). Some of the best supermarket stores today ensure that they appease the shoppers senses by stimulating them using various scents

Play Therapy Essay Example for Free

Play Therapy Essay Sometimes children go through difficult passages in their lives. It therefore becomes prudent to provide them with effective ways of helping them ease through these passages. Infact, children are good teachers and they know what they want and what is right for them (Kottman, 1993). All they need is just space to do it. Play therefore becomes very important in releasing these pent-up emotions, feelings of anxiety, fear disappointment, aggression and insecurity (Chethik, Morton. 2000). This brings us to the issue of play therapy. What is play therapy? Play therapy refers to a method of psychotherapy with children in which a child’s fantasies and symbolic meanings of his/her play are used as a medium for understanding and communication with him/her (Landreth, 2002). Through this method, the child is helped to control his/her emotions, thoughts, wishes and needs using games, toys and mediums such as clay, drawings and paint. By doing so, the child is helped to understand the muddled feelings and upsetting events that he/she has not had a chance or skill to sort out properly. Thus through this symbolic representation, the child gains a sense of control over events that in reality, seem uncontrollable. Unlike in adult therapy where one has to explain what is troubling him, children use play to communicate at their own level and pace without any feeling of interrogation or threat using toys as their words and play as their language (Landreth, 2002). Rationale for play therapy In play therapy, the symbolic of function play is vital in providing children with a means of expressing their inner world. This use of play therapy is rooted on a development understanding of children. According to Piaget (1962), children at the pre-operational stage (2-7 yrs) are acquiring language in which symbols represent mental objects. A child’s play in this stage becomes increasingly imaginary and fantasy-driven. The child is internally improving his/her understanding and knowledge but lacks the external ability to communicate this enhanced way of processing within the world. Play thus becomes the medium through which the child communicates this internal awareness of self to others. Piaget further asserts that during the concrete operational state (8-11 yrs) the child grows in his/her personal ability to reason logically and organize thoughts coherently. He/she is unable to express certain complicated emotions such as resentment or guilt due to the need for abstract thought to understand them. Play then helps the child bridge the gap between concrete experience and abstract thought. Landreth (2002) identifies basic principles necessary in play therapy. These include that children’s natural language is play, that they have an inherent tendency towards growth and maturity and lastly, and are themselves capable of positive self-direction since they posses the capacity to act responsibly. Play is a natural language from which children express themselves (Landreth, 2002). And as stated earlier, developmentally, it bridges the gap between concrete experience and abstract thought. Children gain a sense of control through play and also learn coping skills (Chethik, Morton. 2000). At times, children also receive other types of treatment. Children for instance that are unable to control their attention impulses, have a tendency to react violently, or experience severe anxiety would be included in play therapy. The therapy addresses the child’s psychological symptoms (Chethik, Morton. 2000). The child will also receive play therapy to alleviate low self-esteem feelings, excessive worry, incompetence and helplessness (Chethik, Morton. 000). In play therapy, toys are viewed as the child’s words and play as the child’s language – a language of activity. Play is then to children what psychotherapy is to adults. The use of toys enables the child to transfer his anxieties, fears, fantasies from his own feelings and guilt to objects rather then people. Through this process, the safety of children from their own feelings is guaranteed because it enables them to distance themselves from those traumatic experiences. By acting out a frightening experience symbolically through play, or reversing the outcome in play activity, the child moves towards an inner resolution and then he/she is able to cope with or adjust to problems (Axline, 1989). Through the play processes, the child is allowed to consider new possibilities not possible in reality thus greatly expanding the expression of self (Bratton. Et al. 2005). Also, within the safety of the play therapy experience, the child explores the unfamiliar and develops a knowing that is both experiential – feelings and cognitive. In a nutshell, the unfamiliar becomes familiar and the child expresses outwardly what takes place inwardly. Therefore, a major function of play in play therapy is the changing of what may be unmanageable in real life to a manageable situation via symbolic representation, through which the child is provided with opportunities for learning to cope (Axline, 1989). The process of play therapy The initial focus of therapy is in building a relationship between a child and the therapist. This relationship is what provides dynamic growth and healing for the child. It is therefore a very important tool because a child will readily express himself every time he/she feels respected and accepted. According to Landreth (1991), there are principles that should provide guidelines for establishment of a therapeutic relationship. Some of the guidelines include that the therapist is genuinely interested in the child. Also, the therapist experiences unqualified acceptance of the child and does not wish that the child were different in some way. He further creates a feeling of safety and permissiveness in the relationship so the child feels free to explore and express himself/herself totally. Landreth further asserts that the therapist should always be sensitive to the child’s feelings and gently reflect those feelings in a manner that encourages the child to develop self-understanding (Landreth, 2002). Additionally, the therapist should deeply believe in the child’s capacity to act responsibly and respect the child’s ability to solve personal problems and give him the opportunity to do so. He should also trust the child’s inner direction and to lead in all areas of relationship and avoid directing the child’s play. This therapist should appreciate the gradual nature of the therapeutic process in a slow manner, and finally he should establish only the therapeutic limits that help the child accept personal and appropriate responsibility. The primary objective of the process is not only to solve the problem but to help in the growth of the child. The therapist primarily meets with the child alone and arranges time to meet with parents separately or with the child depending with the situation. The structure of the sessions should be consistently maintained to provide a feeling of stability and safety for the child. In the session, the therapist uses specific techniques to assess how a child experiences his/her world and how he/she communicates and reacts to events and people in his/her own world. The child is led to become aware of what he/she is feeling and opportunities are given to express these feelings. Awareness is thus a very important aspect in play therapy because without it, change is not possible (Chethik, Morton. 2000). Throughout the therapy, the child is empowered and supported to learn more about who he/she thinks she/he is, to talk about things that are frightening or painful, to be self supportive as well as to experiment new behavior (Bratton. Et al. 2005). Since the child’s world is a world of action and activity, the therapy provides the therapist with an opportunity to enter the child’s world. The child lives out the past experience and related moments at the moment of play. Without the presence of play materials, the therapist could only talk with the child about aggressive behavior exhibited in the recent past. In play therapy however, whatever reason for referral, the therapist has the opportunity to experience and actively deal with that problem immediately. By so doing, the child plays out feelings by banging them to the surface, getting them out in the open, facing them and either abandoning them or learning to control them. Toys and materials Since toys and materials are part of this communicative process for children, careful attention must be given to their appropriate selection. The rule here is selection rather than accumulation. Please note that random assortment of acquired toys and materials often appear like junk rooms and they therefore doom the therapy process to failure. They should then be carefully selected for the contribution they make to accomplish the play objective and the extent to which they are consistent with the play therapy rationale. Some general guidelines to consider are that the tools should be durable and should communicate a message of â€Å"be yourself in playing† rather than â€Å"be careful. † They should provide children with a variety in choice of medium of expression. (Eliana, G. 1994). However, they need not be elaborate and above all they should not be complex. Remember that the first toys to be used were sticks. The tools should be age appropriately manageable so that the child will not be frustrated in his efforts to express himself/herself. No toy should require the child to seek the therapist’s help to manipulate. Landreth (1991) asserts that the toys and materials should facilitate establishment of a positive relationship with the child, testing of limits, exploration of real-life experiences, development of positive image, self-undertaking, expression of a wide range of feelings and opportunity to redirect behaviors unacceptable to others. These toys can be grouped into three basic classes viz; real-life toys such as a doll, a small cardboard box with rooms indicated by tape strips or felt pen markers, doll house furniture, pacifier and a small car. Secondly, there are those acting out or aggressive release toys such as handcuffs, toy guns, dart gun and toy soldiers, aggressive puppets, rubber knife and punching bags. Finally, there are toys for creative expression and emotional release such as crayons, newsprints, blue scissors, hand puppets, plain mask, and also sand trays. Setting limits in Play Therapy This is a very crucial part of this process. The structure of the therapeutic limits is what helps to make the experience a real life relationship (Eliana, G. 994). Limits in play therapy have advantages both practically and therapeutically since they preserve the therapeutic relationship; facilitate the child’s opportunities to learn self responsibility and self control. Provide the child with emotional security and physical safety and thus enabling the child to explore and express his/her inner emotional dimensions that perhaps have remained hidden in his/her other relationships (Axline, 1989). Boundaries are necessary here to provide predictability and thus the children are not allowed to do anything they want to do. The play therapy relationship has minimum limits (Eliana, G. 1994). Exploration is encouraged, messiness accepted and persistence is the guiding principle. Play therapy is a learning experience and thus limits are not set until they are needed. The limits are worded in such a way that the child is allowed to bring himself under control. Research and Results Play therapy is an approach based on well thought out, philosophically conceived, developmentally based and research supported approach to assisting children cope with and overcome the problems they experience in life (Bratton. Et al. 2005). It has therefore been demonstrated to be effective in a variety of children’s problems including, but not limited to, abuse and neglect, aggression and acting out, autism, fear and anxiety, grief, hospitalization, learning disabilities, chronic illnesses, withdrawn children and burn victims. In the case studies reported by Landreth, the views that play therapy requires a long-term commitment is totally unfounded. Conclusion Play therapy can thus help a child to become aware of his feelings and how those feelings manifest into his/ her behavior (Bratton. Et al. 2005). He/she learns to become better at regulating emotions and expressing them in constructive ways. This combination of skills may help a child to become more assertive, self confident and to have self respect and respect for others. He/she then get this assurance that he/she will be understood and accepted.

Breast Cancer Essay -- Health Disease Essays Papers Prevention

Breast Cancer Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. There are many different types of cancer that are affecting people all over. Breast Cancer is one of these, and is found in man and women. Over 200,000 women and 1,300 men have been diagnosed with breast cancer this year. One in eight women will detect breast cancer in their lifetime. Men are less than one percent of the cases of breast cancer that are detected. Although prevention is not yet available, early detection is the best way to handle breast cancer, which can be treated in many ways. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor found in the glandular tissue of the breast. This tumor is called a carcinoma, which causes a single abnormal cell to multiple at rapid rates. A malignant tumor damages tissue and can spread. Cancer spreads when it breaks away and gets into the bloodstream. The tumor can be removed but there is still a possibility that they will grow back. When breast cancer spreads it is called metastatic breast cancer. If it is a benign tumor it is non cancerous, will not spread, but could damage some tissue. They are also not life- threatening and can be removed, which they rarely grow back. Breasts are glands that can produce milk. There are two main types of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma. Ductal carcinoma is cancer in the lining of milk ducts of the breast. Lobular carcinoma is cancer in the lobules where breast milk is produced. There has not been a way detected to prevent breast cancer yet. The best way to protect you against breast cancer is by getting a mammogram at age 35 and once a year after age 40. Also you should perform a self-exam of the breast each month after age 20 f... ...nemia. There is a five-year survival rate for women with breast cancer. The percentage of survival has risen from 72 to 96. If the cancer has spread to other tissue then the rate goes down to 78. The hope of recovering from the diagnosis of breast cancer is extremely high. Women are becoming a lot more optimistic about being diagnosis with breast cancer. It is highly recommended that they see a physician regularly and give them themselves self-breast examinations. Breast cancer kills about 39, 800 women a year and about 400 men. Self-examination is one way to detect breast cancer early and give you a better chance of recovering from it. Many treatments are available and can help get rid of breast cancer. Even though there is no prevention for this cancer yet, detecting symptoms early and receiving treatment is the best way to get rid of breast cancer.

Realism, the Portray of Women Mistreatment

Realism, the Portray of Women Mistreatment In the 19th century a new trend of writing appeared in the American literature called, realism and it is defined as the â€Å"faithful representation of reality'. Writers attempt to document life as it â€Å"without romantic idealization or dramatization† and â€Å"character is more important than action and plot†. Two short stories are representative of realism â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and â€Å"The Story of An Hour. † In these stories Charlotte Gilman and Kate Chopin characterize women who are being dominated by a manly society nd who do not see women more than a simply spouses or mothers.However, they are faithful believers that women in reality are beings that should be allowed to express themselves because they are strong enough to stand for themselves; and should not be subordinate in any marriage. Likewise, in these two stories the realism portrays the maltreatment of women in their marriage, which clea rly can be seen develop in the plot, characterization, setting, and theme of the stories. The works of realism are present in the plot of both stories. Throughout the story of â€Å"The YellowWallpaper† her husband John treats the protagonist with a lot of authority and demand. â€Å"John says if I don't pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall†¦ But John says the very worst thing I can do is to think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad. (Gilman, 86-90. ). And this overwhelming treatment carried the poor woman to a deep insanity, making her hallucinate about the paper design of her room. â€Å"It is the strangest yellow, that wall-paper!It makes me think of all the yellow things I ever saw†not beautiful ones like buttercups, but old oul, bad yellow things†¦ Through watching so much at night, when it changes so, I have finally found out. The front pattern does move†and no wonder! The woman behind shakes it! Sometimes I think there are a great many women behind, and sometimes only one, and she crawls around fast, and her crawling shakes it all over. † (Gilman, 95, 96. ). The husband's controlling attitude and low ignorance against her destroyed this woman mental stability.At the same time in â€Å"The Story of An Hour,† Mrs. Mallard thought that the death of Mr. Mallard would be the opportunity or her to get out from an oppressed marriage that didn't let her live the life that she ever dreamed. For the first time in her life, she could visualize herself without the control and pressure that her marriage gave her. â€Å"There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully†¦ But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome. † (Chopin, 66-67. ). In these two stories we can see the great desire of these women to be treated with res pect; a ense of dignity for what they are, something that would make them feel like their voice counted rather than having a meaning to their life because of who theyre married to. Moreover, the women of these stories are truthful realistic characters. The narrator of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† it is a docile, â€Å"ordinary' (Gilman, 85. middle class woman who suffered from a â€Å"temporary nervous depression† (Gilman, 85). She is forbidden to work and writes in her Journal, which she enjoys very much. She is also torbi dden to take care ot ner newborn baby and visit any triends, making ner eel like no control over her life. â€Å"Am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again†¦ â€Å"There comes John, and I must put this away, †he hates to have me write a word†¦ And yet I cannot be with him (baby), it makes me so nervous†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (Gilman, 85-87-88. ).The main character of this story is an oppressed woman, who could not e scape from her reality and in real life a vast of women around the world go through this kind of situation. For instance, my mother is one of them, for many years she undergoes from a temporary nervous depression, caused by my little brother's birth. My father labeled himself a very wise man, but never looked for the help she needed to. As well, he prohibited her to work and the only thing that she could do was to take care of house's chores.Couple times in my life I saw my own mother in the edge of the madness that her monotony life and my father little comprehension about her illness carried her. I remembered, myself scare at her and crying because I did not understand why she behaved in those manner and why my father was so authoritarian with all of us; and with so low emotion about my mother situation. One day my mother woke up from her dream and decides that she had to take control of her life and run away from him, leaving my little brother and me in his cares.I strongly belie ved that many women around the world, most of the time married the wrong man, because they cannot understand them and do not make them feel valuable as their marital partner. On the other hand, in â€Å"The Story of An Hour,† Mrs. Mallard is another typical middle class woman that has â€Å"loved her husband sometimes† (Chopin, 67. ), but with a â€Å"certain strength†(Chopin, 67. ) that all she anted is to â€Å"drink a very elixir of life†, (Chopin, 68. ). And who suffers from heart problem, that probably her outrage marriage had left her with â€Å"Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble†¦ † (Chopin, 66. ). In fact, Mrs. Mallard is an intelligence woman with a great desire of living her life without any attachments and a visionary woman that proved that she did not need any man to stand up for her. As an illustration, Mrs. Mallard story is similar to my cousin Birmania's story. She is also a very intelligent woman, who m arried her boyfriend whom she was for a long time. After the wedding, they got a beautiful house, equipped with a lot nice furniture. Her boyfriend (now her husband), as soon they got married prohibited her to work.At first, she was happy with the idea because she used to love him and she wanted to play a wife's roles. Times passed and her monotonic life started hit her and her husband's behavior was not what she dreamed about, she felt she wanted to escape from him and divorced him. He, otherwise did not accept her idea, he thought that could not be possible because he had always give her all the material thing that she ad wanted; house, money and car. But, in reality she needed more than that. Birmania needed more emotional attention; she wanted to work, to be herself, once for all.Eventually, how many women nowadays are yet bowed in the oppression of their marriages? As well as the plot and characterization, these two stories share realistic settings. Both take place in the Unite d States during the 19th century and fully described the surrounding of their main characters. For example, in the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the story take place in a summer's house, specifically in the narrator's room. She does not have lot furniture on it, except for a bed, the barred around the window and the â€Å"queer† (Gilman, 85. ) yellow wallpaper. I'm really getting quite tond ot the big room, all but that horrid paper†¦ It is a big, airy room, the whole floor nearly, with windows that look all ways, and air and sunshine galore. It was nursery first and then playroom and gymnasium, I should Judge; for the windows are barred for little children, and there are rings and things in the walls. â€Å"(Gilman, 87-88. ). Consequently, â€Å"The Story of An Hour† happened in the Mrs. Mallard's house mostly in er room, where she sat in a chair to contemplate the outside windows landscape and dreamed about her future. She sat with her head thrown back upo n the cushion of the chair†¦ A dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection. â€Å"(Chopin, 66-67. ). The ironic reality in the settings of theses stories is that even though the environment illustrated for these women were a comfortable life, nice houses and neighborhood, deep inside of themselves, their hearts were screaming to be understood as well as heir need of a sense of freedom. Above all, the themes in these stories are the reflection of real struggle of women in their marriage.Even though it is not explain in the story, Mrs. Mallard perhaps had to encounter a lot discouragement and affliction in her marriage in order to feel that only with Mr. Mallard death, she would be free. A sense of freedom that was stronger than the sadness she felt from this news. â€Å"Free! Body and soul free! † She kept whispering† (Chopin, 68. ). Today, despite of a lot of women, they don't feel treated, as they wanted by their spouses; they continue in ilence, struggling in their marriage enduring maltreatment and restrained themselves from the pleasure of doing what they dreamed one day for their life.However, in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the woman did not have a voice, she loved her husband too and appreciated all what he did for her, she suffered to know that whatever she said or did was never enough for him. â€Å"John does not know how much I really suffer. He knows there is no reason to suffer, and that satisfies him†¦ I don't like our room a bit. I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all ver the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! But John would not hear of it. (Gilman, 86- 87. ).For this woman to feel underappreciated by her husband, may have been more depressing than her own nervous condition. It is fair to say that the themes of this story it is also relate to the fact that many women in all culture s of our society, become victims of their circumstance, and they lose the control of their life when their husbands do not look at them as human beings that are capable of going beyond of their genders' identity. For the most part, the characters in both of tories go along in the theme of discouragement in their marriage.To conclude, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper and The Story of an Hour† we now agree that the realism is shown in the plot, characterization, setting, and the theme of both stories. Also, we can see that both characters share the same concerned to their reader, they want women around the world to have self-expression, freedom to be themselves. They believed that women, not only deserve a good house and furniture, but they do also deserve respects. Gilman and Chopin with these work portray themselves as faithful believer n women ‘capacities and do not support any physical or mental mistreatment to them.

Essay on Lewis Carrolls Alice Adventures in Wonderland

Aside from the very obvious madness and chaos of the scene, there is also a very stark example of the dream logic displayed in other parts of the story. There is also a sense of the feelings of loneliness. Alice is the only one that seems upset about the unfairness of the situation, especially when she grows back to her full size and everyone turns on her. This shows the separation she has from the other characters in terms of their state of mind. This is also where another aspect of the dream logic comes into play. Alice becomes the center of attention during the trial. When Alice grows back to her normal size, she draws all the attention to herself, the Knave all but forgotten†¦show more content†¦The trial for the Knave of Hearts made Alice feel separate from the other characters and she realizes that she is alone amongst these crazy, mad creatures. To be the only sane person in a world corrupted by the insane is a very terrifying thing. When we dream, our feelings appear quite real and we can often feel things just as strongly as when we are awake. This is why, when we get hurt in a dream, it feels like it actually does hurt. And when we wake, we still feel a slight aching sensation, as if the paint still lingers in our memory, like a phantom. It is not quite tangible, but it is still present in our memory. The feelings Alice must have felt, the fear of being alone is more than likely what caused the dream to shift, ultimately leading to her wake up. This ending is not meant to seem like a fight against good and evil, as there technically are no ‘good’ or ‘evil’ characters in Wonderland as there is no morality. There is only logic and the lack of logic. It is the characters that defy logic that are Alice’s opponents. (Bush) At the end, as well as throughout the novel, Alice attempts to defeat the irrational with logic. 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